How Volkswagen Autoeuropa built a data mesh to accelerate digital transformation using Amazon DataZone

This is a joint blog post co-authored with Martin Mikoleizig from Volkswagen Autoeuropa.

Volkswagen Autoeuropa is a Volkswagen Group plant that produces the T-Roc. The plant is located near Lisbon, Portugal and produces about 934 cars per day. In 2023, Volkswagen Autoeuropa represented 1.3% of the national GDP of Portugal and 4% in national export of goods impact with a sales volume of 3.3511 billion Euros. Volkswagen Autoeuropa aims to become a data-driven factory and has been using cutting-edge technologies to enhance digitalization efforts.

In this post, we discuss how Volkswagen Autoeuropa used Amazon DataZone to build a data marketplace based on data mesh architecture to accelerate their digital transformation. The data mesh, built on Amazon DataZone, simplified data access, improved data quality, and established governance at scale to power analytics, reporting, AI, and machine learning (ML) use cases. As a result, the data solution offers benefits such as faster access to data, expeditious decision making, accelerated time to value for use cases, and enhanced data governance.

Understanding Volkswagen Autoeuropa’s challenges

At the time of writing this post, Volkswagen Autoeuropa has already implemented more than 15 successful digital use cases in the context of real-time visualization, business intelligence, industrial computer vision, and AI.

Before the AWS partnership, Volkswagen Autoeuropa faced the following challenges.

Long lead time to access data – The digital use cases launched by Volkswagen Autoeuropa spent most of their project time getting access to the data that was relevant to their use cases. After the right data for the use case was found, the IT team provided access to the data through manual configuration. The lead time to access data was often from several days to weeks.
Insufficient data governance and auditing – Data was shared directly to use cases by copying it. Therefore, the IT team connected the data manually from their sources to the desired destinations multiple times. This process wasn’t centrally tracked to discover any information on the data sharing process. For example, if the data was copied in the past, how many use cases have access to the data, when access was granted, and who granted the access.
Redundant effort to process the same information – Because the IT team copied the data sources based on the exact use case requirements, they shared specific columns of the tables from the data. As additional use cases requested access to the same data with different column requirements, even more copies of the data were created.
Repeated process to establish security and governance guardrails – Each time the IT and the security team provided a connection to a new data source, they had to set up the security and governance guardrails. This required repeated manual effort.
Data quality issues – Because the data was processed redundantly and shared multiple times, there was no guarantee of or control over the quality of the data. This led to reduced trust in the data.
Absence of data catalog and metadata management – Data didn’t have any metadata associated with it, and so use cases couldn’t consume the data without further explanation from the data source owners and specialists. Furthermore, no process to discover new data existed. Similar to the consumption process, use cases would consult specialists to understand the context of the data and if it could provide value.

Envisioning a data solution for Volkswagen Autoeuropa

To address these challenges, Volkswagen Autoeuropa embarked on a bold vision. They envisioned a seamless data consumption process, similar to an online shopping experience. They envisioned a data marketplace where data users could browse and access high-quality, secure data with clear specifications, business context, and relevant attributes. This vision materialized into a project aimed at transforming data accessibility and governance as the foundation for the digital ecosystem. The vision to be realized: Data as seamless as online shopping.

In collaboration with Amazon Web Services (AWS), Volkswagen Autoeuropa joined the Enhanced Plant Onboarding Program of the Global Volkswagen Group’s Digital Production Platform (DPP EPO) strategy. Through this partnership, AWS and Volkswagen Autoeuropa created a data marketplace that significantly improved data availability.

In the discovery phase of the project, Volkswagen Autoeuropa and AWS evaluated several options to build the data solution. In the end, Volkswagen Autoeuropa chose a solution based on data mesh architecture using Amazon DataZone. Being a managed service, Amazon DataZone provided the necessary speed and agility to build the solution. At the same time, it led to higher operational efficiencies and lower operational overhead. The team adopted a data mesh architecture because the principles of the data mesh aligned with Volkswagen Autoeuropa’s vision of being a data driven factory.

Solution overview

This section describes the key features and architecture of the Volkswagen Autoeuropa data solution. The solution is based on a data mesh architecture.

Data solution features

The following figure shows the key capabilities of the Volkswagen Autoeuropa data solution.

The key capabilities of the solution are:

Data quality – In the solution, we’ve built a data quality framework to streamline the process of data quality checks and publishing quality scores. It uses AWS Glue Data Quality to generate recommendation rulesets, run orchestrated jobs, store results, and send notifications to users. This framework can be seamlessly integrated into AWS Glue jobs, providing a quality score for data pipeline jobs. In addition, the quality score is published in the Amazon DataZone data portal, allowing consumers to subscribe to the data based on its quality score.Assigning a quality score to the data helps build trust in the data, and shifts the responsibility of maintaining data quality to the data owner. As a result, the quality of the results delivered by these use cases improves.
Data registration – The producers sign in to the Amazon DataZone data portal using their AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) credentials or single sign-on with integration through AWS IAM Identity Center. They register their data assets, which are stored in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), in the Amazon DataZone data catalog. The metadata of the data assets is stored in an AWS Glue catalog and made available in the business data catalog of Amazon DataZone and in the Amazon DataZone data source. The producers add business context such as business unit name, data owner contact information, and data refresh frequency using Amazon DataZone glossaries and metadata forms. In addition, they use generative AI capabilities to generate business metadata. After the business metadata is generated, they review the changes and modify the metadata if needed.Because all data products in Volkswagen Autoeuropa are now registered in the same location, the likelihood of data duplication is significantly reduced. Moreover, the data producers are improving the quality of the data by adding business context to it.
Data discovery – The consumers sign in to the Amazon DataZone data portal using their IAM credentials or single sign-on with integration through IAM Identity Center and search the data using keywords in the search bar. After the results are returned, they can further filter the results using glossary terms and project names. Finally, they review the business metadata of the data assets to evaluate if the data is relevant to their business use cases. They can check the quality score of the data assets and the refresh schedule for their use cases.With a data discovery capability in place, consumers can gain information about the data without the need to consult the source system owners or specialists.
Data access management – When the consumers find a data asset that’s relevant to their use case, they request access to it using the subscription feature of Amazon DataZone. Data is classified as public, internal, and confidential. For public and internal data assets, the access request is automatically approved. For confidential data assets, the data producer team reviews the access request and either accepts or rejects the subscription request.With a central place to manage data access, data owners can view which use cases have access to their data and when the access request was granted. The fine-grained access control feature of Amazon DataZone gives data owners granular control of their data at the row and column levels.
Data consumption – Upon approval of the subscription request, Amazon DataZone provisions the backend infrastructure to make the data accessible to the corresponding consumers. After this process is complete, the consumers can access the data through Amazon Athena using the deep link feature of Amazon DataZone. The data consumption pattern in Volkswagen Autoeuropa supports two use cases:
- Cloud-to-cloud consumption – Both data assets and consumer teams or applications are hosted in the cloud.
- Cloud-to-on-premises consumption – Data assets are hosted in the cloud and consumer use cases or applications are hosted on-premises.

Requirements specific to a use case requires access to the relevant data assets; sharing data to use cases using Amazon DataZone doesn’t require creating multiple copies. As a result, duplication and processing of data. Furthermore, by reducing the number of copies of the data, the overall quality of the data products improves. In addition, the backend automation of Amazon DataZone to make data available to use cases reduces the manual effort and improves the lead time to access data.

Single collaborative environment – The Amazon DataZone data portal provides a single collaborative environment to the users in Volkswagen Autoeuropa. Data consumers such as use case owners, data engineers, data scientists, and ML engineers can browse and request access to data assets. At the same time, data producers, such as use case owners and source system owners, can publish and curate their data in the Amazon DataZone data portal. This collaborative experience promotes teamwork and accelerates the realization of business value. Furthermore, the security and governance guardrails scales across the organization as the number of use cases increases.

Data solution architecture

The following figure displays the reference architecture of the data solution at Volkswagen Autoeuropa. In the next part of the post, we discuss how we arrived at the solution.

The architecture includes:

The data from SAP applications, manufacturing execution systems (MES), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems is ingested into the producer accounts of Volkswagen Autoeuropa.
In the producer account, raw data is transformed using AWS Glue. The technical metadata of the data is stored in AWS Glue catalog. The data quality is measured using the data quality framework. The data stored in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is registered as an asset in the Amazon DataZone data catalog hosted in the central governance account.
The central governance account hosts the Amazon DataZone domain and the related Amazon DataZone data portal. The AWS accounts of the data producers and consumers are associated with the Amazon DataZone domain. Amazon DataZone projects belonging to the data producers and consumers are created under the related Amazon DataZone domain units.
Consumers of the data products sign in to the Amazon DataZone data portal hosted in the central governance account using their IAM credentials or single sign-on with integration through IAM Identity Center. They search, filter, and view asset information (for example, data quality, business, and technical metadata).
After the consumer finds the asset they need, they request access to the asset using the subscription feature of Amazon DataZone. Based on the validity of the request, the asset owner approves or rejects the request.
After the subscription request is granted and fulfilled, the asset is accessed in the consumer account for a one-time query using Athena and Microsoft Power BI applications hosted on premises. This consumption pattern can be extended for AI and machine learning (AI/ML) model development using Amazon SageMaker and reporting purposes using Amazon QuickSight.

User journey

After discussing the desired system with the use case teams and stakeholders and analyzing the current workflow, Volkswagen Autoeuropa grouped the user personas of the data solution into three main categories: data producer, data consumer, and data solution administrator. This sets the foundation for the desired user experience and what’s needed to achieve the solution goals.

Data producer

Data producers create the data products in the data solution. There are two types of data producers.

Data source owners – Data source owners publish the raw data in the Amazon DataZone data portal. These data products are attributed as source-based data.
Use case owners – Use case owners publish data that’s fit for consumption by other use cases. These data products are called consumer-based data.

The following figure shows the user journey of a data producer:

A data producer’s journey includes:

Identify data of interest –
1. Identify data (Volkswagen Autoeuropa network).
2. Perform data quality checks (Volkswagen Autoeuropa network).
Connect data to the data solution –
1. Ingest data into the data solution (Amazon DataZone portal).
2. Start process to connect data using AWS Glue.
Locate the data source in the data solution –
1. Register data (Amazon DataZone portal).
2. Add data to the inventory in Amazon DataZone.
Add or edit metadata –
1. Add or edit metadata (Amazon DataZone portal).
2. Publish data assets (Amazon DataZone portal).
Approve or reject subscription request –
1. Review subscription requests.
Maintain data assets –
1. Manage data assets (Amazon DataZone portal).

Data consumer

Data consumers use data for business analytics, machine learning, AI, and business reporting. Data consumers are data engineers, data scientists, ML engineers, and business users. The following diagram shows the journey of a data consumer.

A data consumer’s journey includes:

Access Amazon DataZone portal –
1. Amazon DataZone portal – Access is granted based on the user’s assigned domain and projects.
Search for data assets –
1. Data assets in Amazon DataZone portal – Search for data and brows the results by glossary terms or the project name. Use additional filters to refine the results.
View business metadata –
1. Select a data asset to see additional information – Review the description, data quality score and metadata.
Request access to data (subscribe) –
1. Subscribe to request access.
2. After the subscription request is approved, review the data products that you have access to.
3. Query the data to view and consume the data.
Retrieve additional data –
1. Repeat the steps as needed to access and retrieve additional data.

Data solution administrator

Data solution administrators are responsible for performing administrative tasks on the data solution. The following figure shows the common tasks performed by the data solution administrator.

A data administrator’s journey includes:

Manage projects –
1. Manage Amazon DataZone domain.
2. Manage Amazon DataZone projects within the domain.
Manage environment –
1. Set up the environment to manage the infrastructure.
Manage business metadata glossary –
1. Manage and enable Amazon DataZone glossaries and metadata forms.
Manage data assets –
1. Manage assets.
2. Query the data to view and consume the data.
Manage access to data solution –
1. Monitor and revoke access when appropriate.

Conclusion

In this post, you learned how Volkswagen Autoeuropa embarked on a bold vision to become a data driven factory. It shows how this vision was put into action by building a data solution based on data mesh architecture using Amazon DataZone. It highlights the key features and architecture of the data solutions and presents the user journey. As of writing this post, Volkswagen Autoeuropa reduced the data discovery time from days to minutes using the data solution. The time to access data took several weeks before the Volkswagen Autoeuropa and AWS collaboration. Now, with the help of the data solution, the data access time has been reduced to several minutes.

In May 2024, the team achieved a major milestone by successfully offering data on the data solution and transporting it instantly to Power BI, a process that previously took several weeks.

“After one year of work, we did the full roundtrip from offering data on our new data marketplace built using Amazon DataZone to transporting it instantly to third-party tools, a process that previously took several weeks. This was a big achievement for our team.”

– Jorge Paulino, Product owner of the data solution. Volkswagen Autoeuropa.

The next post of the two-part series details discusses how we built the solution, its technical details, and the business value created.

If you want to harness the agility and scalability of a data mesh architecture and Amazon DataZone to accelerate innovation and drive business value for your organization, we have the resources to get you started. Be sure to check out the AWS Prescriptive Guidance: Strategies for building a data mesh-based enterprise solution on AWS. This comprehensive guide covers the key considerations and best practices for establishing a robust, well-governed data mesh on AWS. From aligning your data mesh with overall business strategy to scaling the data mesh across your organization, this Prescriptive Guidance provides a clear roadmap to help you succeed.

If you’re curious to get hands-on, see the GitHub repository: Building an enterprise Data Mesh with Amazon DataZone, Amazon DataZone, AWS CDK, and AWS CloudFormation. This open source project delivers a step-by-step guide to build a data mesh architecture using Amazon DataZone, AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK), and AWS CloudFormation.

About the Authors

Dhrubajyoti Mukherjee is a Cloud Infrastructure Architect with a strong focus on data strategy, data analytics, and data governance at Amazon Web Services (AWS). He uses his deep expertise to provide guidance to global enterprise customers across industries, helping them build scalable and secure AWS solutions that drive meaningful business outcomes. Dhrubajyoti is passionate about creating innovative, customer-centric solutions that enable digital transformation, business agility, and performance improvement. An active contributor to the AWS community, Dhrubajyoti authors AWS Prescriptive Guidance publications, blog posts, and open-source artifacts, sharing his insights and best practices with the broader community. Outside of work, Dhrubajyoti enjoys spending quality time with his family and exploring nature through his love of hiking mountains.

Ravi Kumar is a Data Architect and Analytics expert at Amazon Web Services; he finds immense fulfillment in working with data. His days are dedicated to designing and analyzing complex data systems, uncovering valuable insights that drive business decisions. Outside of work, he unwinds by listening to music and watching movies, activities that allow him to recharge after a long day of data wrangling.

Martin Mikoleizig studied mechanical engineering and production technology at the RWTH Aachen University before starting to work in Dr. h.c. Ing. F. Porsche AG 2015 as a production planner for the engine assembly. In several years as a Project Manager on Testing Technology for new engine models he also introduced several innovations like human-machine-collaborations and intelligent assistance systems. From 2017, he was responsible for the Shopfloor IT team of the module lines in Zuffenhausen before he became responsible for the Planning of the E-Drive assembly at Porsche. Beside this he was responsible for the Digitalisation Strategy of the Production Ressort at Porsche. Since October 2022, he has been assigned to Volkswagen Autoeuropa in Portugal in the role of a Digital Transformation Manager for the plant driving the Digital Transformation towards a Data Driven Factory.

Weizhou Sun is a Lead Architect at Amazon Web Services, specializing in digital manufacturing solutions and IoT. With extensive experience in Europe, she has enhanced operational efficiencies, reducing latency and increasing throughput. Weizhou’s expertise includes Industrial Computer Vision, predictive maintenance, and predictive quality, consistently delivering top performance and client satisfaction. A recognized thought leader in IoT and remote driving, she has contributed to business growth through innovations and open-source work. Committed to knowledge sharing, Weizhou mentors colleagues and contributes to practice development. Known for her problem-solving skills and customer focus, she delivers solutions that exceed expectations. In her free time, Weizhou explores new technologies and fosters a collaborative culture.

Shameka Almond is an Advisory Consultant at Amazon Web Services. She works closely with enterprise customers to help them better understand the business impact and value of implementing data solutions, including data governance best practices. Shameka has over a decade of wide-ranging IT experience in the manufacturing and aerospace industries, and the nonprofit sector. She has supported several data governance initiatives, helping both public and private organizations identify opportunities for improvement and increased efficiency. Outside of the office she enjoys hosting large family gatherings, and supporting community outreach events dedicated to introducing students in K-12 to STEM.

Adjoa Taylor has over 20 years of experience in industrial manufacturing, providing industry and technology consulting services, digital transformation, and solution delivery. Currently Adjoa leads Product Centric Digital Transformation, enabling customers to solve complex manufacturing problems by leveraging Smart Factory and Industry leading transformation mechanisms. Most recently driving value with AI/ML and generative AI use-cases for the plant floor. Adjoa is an experienced leader spending over 20 years of her career delivering projects in countries throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. Through prior roles, Adjoa brings deep experience across multiple business segments with a focus on business outcome driven solutions. Adjoa is passionate about helping customers solve problems while realizing the art of the possible via the right impacting value-based solution.